아연 합금 재료: 구성, 공정 및 용도에 대한 전체 분석

Zinc-based alloys are mainly zinc, adding aluminum, copper, magnesium and other elements, with a low melting point, easy processing, lightweight, corrosion-resistant, platable and other characteristics, widely used in automotive, electronics, industrial hardware and aerospace fields, Zamak / ZA system to meet the diversified needs of the selection of performance, process and corrosion resistance requirements should be taken into account.

Composition and Classification of Zinc Alloys

Core Elements and Role

요소	공통 콘텐츠 범위	주요 역할
알루미늄(Al)	3%-27%	강도, 경도 및 내열성을 향상하고 유동성을 개선합니다.
구리(Cu)	0.5%-3%	강도와 내마모성은 향상되지만 구리가 많으면 연성이 감소합니다.
마그네슘(Mg)	0.02%-0.06%	트레이스 강화, 입자 개선, 전반적인 성능 향상
니켈(Ni)	0.06%-0.10%	향상된 내식성 및 고온 안정성(주로 Zamak 7)
주석(Sn), 철(Fe), 망간(Mn)	추적	불순물의 영향을 제어하기 위한 주조성 조정

Typical Zinc Alloy Series Comparison

Series	Representative Grade	Principal Composition (%)	특성
Zamak	Zamak 3	Zn-4Al-<0.05Mg	Best overall performance, most commonly used
	Zamak 5	Zn-4Al-1Cu-<0.05Mg	Higher strength and hardness than Zamak 3
	Zamak 2	Zn-4Al-3Cu-<0.05Mg	Higher strength and wear resistance, but lower ductility.
	Zamak 7	Zn-4Al-0.06Ni-<0.03Mg	Higher purity and better corrosion resistance.
ZA series	ZA-8	Zn-8Al-small amount of Cu, Mg	High strength die casting, good toughness
	ZA-12	Zn-12Al-small amount of Cu, Mg	Suitable for heavy-duty castings, improved mechanical properties.
	ZA-27	Zn-27Al-small amount of Cu, Mg	Extremely high strength, but slightly poor machinability

International standard naming system for zinc alloys

Country/Region	Standard No.	Naming Example	Naming Description
U.S.A.	ASTM B86, B240	ZP3, ZP5	Numbered according to major components and properties.
Europe	EN 1774, EN 12844	ZL0430	Z = zinc, L = die casting, 04 = aluminum content of 4%, 30 = copper content of 3.0%.
China	GB 8738-88	ZnAl4Cu1	Identification by element and content
Japan	JIS H2201, H5301	ZDC2, ZDC3	Zamak-like classification system

Physical and Chemical Properties of Zinc Alloys

기계적 특성

Tensile strength: 200-440 MPa (higher than most plastics)
Hardness: 80-120 HB (can be upgraded by heat treatment)
Elongation: 10-25% (suitable for complex molding)

Thermal Properties

Melting point: 380-420°C (50% lower than aluminum)
Coefficient of thermal expansion: 27.4 x 10⁻⁶/°C (design clearance to be considered)
Thermal conductivity: 110 W/m-K (better than stainless steel)

Electrical and Magnetic Properties

Electrical conductivity: 28% IACS (28% of pure copper)
Magnetic conductivity: non-magnetic (suitable for electronic equipment)

Zinc Alloy Processing Technology

Die Casting Technology

Temperature control: 410-430°C for molten zinc liquid
Pressure parameters: 400-1000 bar (adjusted according to part complexity)
Mold design: draw slope ≥ 1°, wall thickness 1.5-5 mm

Extrusion and Rolling

Applicable alloys: ZA27 (high aluminum content)
Processing limitations: deformation rate ≤80% to avoid cracking

Machining

Cutting speed: 60-150 m/min recommended
Tool selection: carbide or diamond coated

Surface Treatment and Anti-Corrosion Program

Comparison of Commonly Used Processes

프로세스	비용	Salt Spray Resistance Time	적용 가능한 시나리오
Chrome plating	높음	500 hours	High-end bathroom hardware
니켈 도금	Medium	300 hours	Electronic connectors
Phosphating	낮음	100 hours	Internal structural parts

Anti-Corrosion Strategy

Marine environment: choose ZN series + nickel plating treatment
Acidic medium: use ZT series + epoxy coating
High temperature environment: give priority to anodizing treatment

Design and Selection Guide

Structural Design Principles

Uniform wall thickness: avoid shrinkage (recommended 2-4 mm)
Rounded corner design: R≥0.5 mm to reduce stress concentration

Balance Between Cost and Performance

Low load parts: Zamak 3 (15% cost reduction)
High wear demand: choose ZC1 (1% copper content)

Reliability Test Standards

Salt Spray Test: ASTM B117 (≥96 hours)
Impact test: ISO 148 (≥20 J at room temperature)

Typical Applications of Zinc Alloy

자동차 산업

Engine mounts
Sensor housings

Electrical and Electronics

5G base station heat sink
USB Port Housing

Building Decoration

Door and window hinges
Outdoor Sculpture

Consumer Products

Eyeglass frames
가구 손잡이

Enclosure Fittings

자주 묻는 질문

Q:What are the key indicators for material selection?

A:Prioritize the mechanical properties, taking into account the mobility and cost control.

Q:What are the mechanical parameters?

A:Zamak 3 basic type vs ZA series high strength alloy performance comparison

Q:What are the key points for safe operation?

A:Finished products are non-toxic, processing requires dust protection and standardized protection.

결론

Zinc-based alloys have low melting point, easy processing, corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties, suitable for automotive electronics and other fields, Zamak/ZA series covers a wide range of needs, the selection of performance, process and corrosion requirements should be integrated.